Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It is characterised by a number of symptoms, including irregular menstrual periods, acne, hirsutism (excessive hair growth), and obesity. In addition, women with PCOS may have difficulty getting pregnant due to ovulation problems.

Symptoms of PCOS can vary from person to person, but common symptoms include:
Irregular periods or no periods at all
Heavy or prolonged periods
Excessive hair growth on face, chest, stomach, or thighs
Acne or oily skin
Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
Dark patches of skin on the neck, groin, or underarms
Male-pattern baldness
Pelvic pain
Infertility

PCOS is diagnosed by a combination of symptoms, physical exam, and lab tests. The most common tests include blood tests to check for hormonal imbalances, ultrasound to check for cysts on the ovaries and pelvic exam to check for other signs of the disorder.

Treatment of PCOS is tailored to the individual and may include a combination of lifestyle changes, medications, and surgery. 

Common treatment methods include:
Birth control pills or other hormonal medications to regulate menstrual periods and reduce excess hair growth.
Metformin, a medication that helps regulate blood sugar levels and may help with weight loss.
Inositol, a supplement that has been found to be effective in improving ovulation and reducing symptoms of PCOS.
Surgery such as laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) for those with severe symptoms or who are resistant to other treatments.
Preventing PCOS from occurring is challenging, as the exact cause of the disorder is not known.