Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterised by excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden and irresistible sleep attacks, and abnormal rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The exact cause of narcolepsy is unknown, but it is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Symptoms of narcolepsy include excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden and irresistible sleep attacks, cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle tone while awake), sleep paralysis (the inability to move or speak when falling asleep or waking up), and vivid and often disturbing dream-like hallucinations during sleep onset or wake up. These symptoms can be severe and debilitating, affecting a person’s ability to function during the day.

Diagnosis of narcolepsy is made through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sleep studies such as polysomnography (PSG) and multiple sleep latency test (MSLT). These tests measure brain activity, eye movements, and muscle tone during sleep to help diagnose narcolepsy.

Common treatment methods for narcolepsy include medication, such as stimulants to promote wakefulness during the day and antidepressants to help with cataplexy. Behavioural therapy, such as sleep hygiene, can also be helpful. In severe cases, surgery may be considered to remove or destroy the hypothalamus, the part of the brain that regulates sleep.

Prevention of narcolepsy is currently not possible as the exact cause of the disorder is not known. However, it is important to manage the symptoms with the appropriate treatment methods, such as medication and behavioral therapy, to improve the quality of life.