List of Government Hospitals in Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram, the capital city of Kerala, boasts a comprehensive network of government hospitals offering a wide range of medical services to the public. Below is a detailed overview of these institutions, highlighting their specialties, addresses, contact information, and available online resources. 1. Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram Description: Established in 1951, this institution is Kerala’s first medical college and serves as a premier center for medical education and healthcare. It encompasses various specialized units, including the Medical College Hospital, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Sree Avittom Thirunal Hospital, and the College of Nursing. en.wikipedia.org Specialties: Comprehensive medical and surgical specialties, Nephrology and Urology, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Gastroenterology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics Address: Ulloor Road, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695011 Contact Number: 0471 252 8300 Website: Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram 2. General Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram Description: Founded in 1865, this hospital is one of the oldest in Kerala, providing a broad spectrum of medical services. It is equipped with modern facilities, including alternative medicine, a blood bank, and ambulance services. clinicspots.com Specialties: Cardiology, General Medicine, General Surgery, Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Address: Red Cross Road, Near Palayam Airport Rd, Vanchiyoor, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695035 Contact Number: 0471 230 3870 Website: General Hospital Thiruvananthapuram 3. Sree Avittom Thirunal (SAT) Hospital Description: Established in 1952, SAT Hospital serves as the maternal and child health wing of the Government Medical College. It handles approximately 75,000 patients annually, with over 10,000 deliveries each year. clinicspots.com Specialties: Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, Fertility Clinic Address: Ulloor – Akkulam Rd, near SAT Hospital Medical College Junction, Chalakkuzhi, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695011 Contact Number: Not Available Website: Not Available 4. Regional Institute of Ophthalmology (RIO), Thiruvananthapuram Description: Established in 1905 as the Government Eye Hospital, RIO is the premier referral center for ophthalmology in Kerala. It offers specialized services, including retina, pediatric ophthalmology, and glaucoma clinics. en.wikipedia.org Specialties: Ophthalmology, Retina Clinic, Pediatric Ophthalmology, Glaucoma Clinic Address: Red-cross road, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Contact Number: 9447501477 Website: Not Available 5. District Model Hospital, Peroorkada Description: Known for its good infrastructure and cleanliness, this hospital is one of the best government hospitals in the area, offering a range of medical services. It has a capacity of over 500 inpatients and provides 24/7 emergency services. clinicspots.com Specialties: General Medicine, Emergency Services Address: Hospital Rd, Devapalan Nagar, Peroorkada, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695005 Contact Number: 0471 243 2071 Website: Not Available 6. General Hospital, Neyyattinkara Description: This hospital provides essential healthcare services to the Neyyattinkara municipality and surrounding regions. It is equipped to handle various medical emergencies and routine healthcare needs. Specialties: General Medicine, Emergency Services Address: Neyyattinkara Municipality, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Contact Number: 0471 222 1935 Website: Not Available 7. Government Ayurveda College Hospital Description: Established in 1917, this hospital is attached to the Government Ayurveda College and provides practical education to Ayurveda students. It offers specialty care in various departments and serves more than 1,000 patients daily. Specialties: Kayachikitsa (General Medicine), Shalya Tantra (Surgery), Shalakya Tantra (ENT & Ophthalmology), Panchakarma Therapy, Prasuti Tantra & Stri Roga (Gynecology & Obstetrics) Address: Government Ayurveda College Hospital, MG Road, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695001 Contact Number: 0471 247 1543 Website: Government Ayurveda College Thiruvananthapuram 8. Women and Children Hospital, Thycaud Description: This hospital provides specialized healthcare services for women and children. It is well-equipped with neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and maternity services, offering quality care for expectant mothers and newborns. Specialties: Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care (NICU), Family Welfare Programs Address: Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014 Contact Number: 0471 232 6601 Website: Not Available 9. Government Mental Health Centre, Oolampara Description: This is one of the largest mental health institutions in Kerala, providing psychiatric care for patients with various mental health conditions. The hospital offers outpatient and inpatient services along with rehabilitation programs. Specialties: Psychiatry, De-addiction Services, Counseling & Therapy, Rehabilitation Services Address: Oolampara, Peroorkada, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695005 Contact Number: 0471 243 3004 Website: Not Available 10. Regional Cancer Centre (RCC), Thiruvananthapuram Description: RCC is a premier cancer treatment and research institution in Kerala, offering state-of-the-art facilities for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and research. It serves as a referral center for cancer patients from across South India. Specialties: Medical Oncology, Radiation Oncology, Surgical Oncology, Palliative Care, Cancer Research Address: Medical College Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695011 Contact Number: 0471 244 2541 Website: Regional Cancer Centre Government Hospitals in Thiruvananthapuram – Contact Details Hospital Name Address Contact Number Website Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram Ulloor Road, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695011 0471 252 8300 Medical College General Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram Red Cross Road, Near Palayam, Vanchiyoor, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695035 0471 230 3870 General Hospital Sree Avittom Thirunal (SAT) Hospital Medical College Junction, Chalakkuzhi, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695011 Not Available Not Available Regional Institute of Ophthalmology (RIO) Red-cross Road, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 9447501477 Not Available District Model Hospital, Peroorkada Hospital Rd, Devapalan Nagar, Peroorkada, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695005 0471 243 2071 Not Available General Hospital, Neyyattinkara Neyyattinkara Municipality, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 0471 222 1935 Not Available Government Ayurveda College Hospital MG Road, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695001 0471 247 1543 Ayurveda College Women and Children Hospital, Thycaud Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014 0471 232 6601 Not Available Government Mental Health Centre, Oolampara Oolampara, Peroorkada, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695005 0471 243 3004 Not Available Regional Cancer Centre (RCC) Medical College Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695011 0471 244 2541 RCC Thiruvananthapuram This article provides a detailed guide to the government hospitals in Thiruvananthapuram, ensuring that residents and visitors can easily access medical care in the city.

Rotavirus Vaccine in India: Cost, Schedule and How It Prevents Deadly Diarrhea Introduction Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe, dehydrating diarrhea among infants and young children globally, claiming over 200,000 lives annually. In India, it accounts for nearly 40% of diarrhea-related hospitalizations in children under five, contributing significantly to the country’s under-five mortality rate. The introduction of the Rotavirus vaccine in India’s Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) has been a game-changer, saving countless lives. This blog explores the vaccine’s cost, schedule, mechanism, and its role in preventing deadly diarrheal disease, while addressing common concerns of Indian parents. 1. What is Rotavirus? 1.1 The Virus and Its Transmission Rotavirus is a highly contagious virus spread via the fecal-oral route. It thrives in environments with poor sanitation and affects nearly every child by age five. Contaminated surfaces, food, and water are common vectors. 1.2 Symptoms and Complications Severe watery diarrhea Vomiting and fever Dehydration, leading to hospitalization In low-resource settings like rural India, delayed treatment can result in fatal dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, or secondary infections. 1.3 Why India is Vulnerable India’s high population density, inadequate sanitation infrastructure, and limited healthcare access in rural areas amplify rotavirus risks. Pre-vaccine era data estimated 78,000 annual rotavirus deaths in India. 2. The Rotavirus Vaccine: Types and Development 2.1 Available Vaccines in India Rotarix (GSK): Two-dose series. Rotavac (Bharat Biotech): Indigenously developed, three-dose series. Rotasiil (Serum Institute): Three-dose lyophilized formulation. 2.2 Indigenous Innovation: Rotavac Developed under a public-private partnership, Rotavac was rolled out in 2018 under UIP. Priced affordably, it exemplifies India’s self-reliance in healthcare. 3. Rotavirus Vaccination Schedule in India 3.1 Recommended Doses Rotarix: First dose at 6 weeks, second at 10 weeks. Rotavac/Rotasiil: Three doses at 6, 10, and 14 weeks. 3.2 Critical Age Window All doses must be administered before 8 months. Delays increase infection risk. 3.3 Catch-Up Vaccination Not recommended for older children due to natural immunity development. 4. Cost of Rotavirus Vaccine in India 4.1 Government Hospitals (Free) Under UIP, Rotavac is free at all government centers. 4.2 Private Sector Costs Rotarix: ₹1,500–2,000 per dose Rotavac: ₹800–1,200 per dose Rotasiil: ₹1,000–1,500 per dose 4.3 Factors Influencing Cost Brand choice, clinic location, and packaging (single vs. multi-dose vials). 5. How the Rotavirus Vaccine Prevents Deadly Diarrhea 5.1 Immune Response Activation The oral vaccine triggers antibody production in the gut, preventing viral replication. 5.2 Reduction in Severity Even if infected, vaccinated children experience milder symptoms, avoiding hospitalization. 5.3 Herd Immunity High vaccination rates reduce community transmission, protecting unvaccinated infants. 5.4 Real-World Impact in India Andhra Pradesh saw a 50% drop in diarrhea hospitalizations post-vaccine introduction. WHO estimates the vaccine prevents 28,000–55,000 deaths annually in India. 6. Safety and Side Effects 6.1 Common Reactions Mild fever, irritability, or temporary diarrhea. 6.2 Addressing Intussusception Concerns Rare intestinal obstruction (1 in 100,000 cases) is vastly outweighed by benefits. ICMR studies confirm Rotavac’s safety profile. 7. Access and Challenges in India 7.1 Government Initiatives Mission Indradhanush: Targets unvaccinated children in rural/tribal areas. Cold Chain Management: Ensures vaccine potency during transport. 7.2 Barriers to Uptake Lack of awareness in low-literacy regions. Myths about vaccine-induced diarrhea. 7.3 Role of ASHA Workers Frontline workers educate families and monitor adverse events. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Q1. Can the vaccine be given with other immunizations?Yes, it’s safely administered alongside DPT, polio, and hepatitis B vaccines. Q2. What if my child misses a dose?Consult a pediatrician immediately; delays may require restarting the series. Q3. Is the vaccine effective against all rotavirus strains?Yes, it covers common strains (G1-G4, G9) prevalent in India. Q4. Can a vaccinated child still get rotavirus?Symptoms, if any, are far milder and rarely life-threatening. Conclusion The Rotavirus vaccine is a lifesaving tool in India’s fight against child mortality. With free access under UIP and proven effectiveness, parents must prioritize this vaccine. Combined with improved sanitation and nutrition, it paves the way for a healthier generation. Consult your pediatrician today to protect your child from rotavirus

BCG Vaccine in India: Why It’s Given at Birth and Side Effects to Watch For In India, where tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge, the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a cornerstone of childhood immunization. Given at birth, this vaccine is a child’s first shield against severe forms of TB. But why is it administered so early? What side effects should parents anticipate? This comprehensive guide delves into India’s BCG vaccination strategy, its life-saving benefits, and how to navigate potential reactions. 1. What is the BCG Vaccine? The BCG vaccine, developed in 1921, is the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis. It contains a weakened strain of Mycobacterium bovis, a cousin of the bacteria causing TB. While not 100% effective, it significantly reduces the risk of severe TB manifestations like meningitis and disseminated TB in children. How It Works: Immune Training: The vaccine primes the immune system to recognize and combat TB bacteria. Reduced Severity: It lowers the likelihood of life-threatening TB complications by up to 80%. 2. Tuberculosis in India: Why BCG is Crucial India accounts for 27% of global TB cases, with over 2.5 million diagnoses annually. Factors like overcrowding, malnutrition, and limited healthcare access amplify the risk, making early immunization critical. Key Statistics: TB is India’s #1 infectious killer, claiming 500,000 lives yearly. Children under 5 are highly vulnerable due to underdeveloped immunity. BCG’s Role in India’s Fight Against TB: Part of the National Immunization Schedule (NIS) since 1978. Administered under the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP), achieving 90% coverage in 2022. 3. Why is BCG Administered at Birth? A. Early Vulnerability to TB: Newborns face immediate TB exposure in high-burden areas. The vaccine’s early administration ensures protection before potential contact with the bacteria. B. Enhanced Immune Response: Infants exhibit a robust immune response to the live-attenuated vaccine, improving efficacy. Delaying vaccination risks reduced effectiveness. C. Global and National Guidelines: WHO Recommendation: Single dose at birth in TB-endemic countries. Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP): Aligns with global guidelines for birth dosing. 4. The BCG Vaccination Process in India When and Where: Timing: Ideally within 24 hours of birth. Site: Upper left arm via intradermal injection. Post-Vaccination Care: A small papule forms within 2–3 weeks, eventually scarring (a normal immune response). No bandage required; keep the area clean and dry. Missed Doses: Catch-up vaccination is advised for children under 5, though earlier administration yields better protection. 5. Common Side Effects of the BCG Vaccine Most reactions are mild and resolve without intervention: 1.Localized Swelling/Pustule: A small, red bump appears 2–6 weeks post-vaccination. May ooze and crust before healing (4–6 weeks). 2. Mild Fever: Low-grade fever (<100.4°F) lasting 1–2 days. 3.Swollen Lymph Nodes: Temporary enlargement of nodes near the injection site. Management Tips: Avoid squeezing or applying ointments to the pustule. Use a cool compress for discomfort. 6. Rare but Serious Side Effects to Watch For While uncommon (<1% of cases), severe reactions require prompt medical attention: BCG Abscess : Painful, fluid-filled lump at the injection site due to improper administration. Osteitis/ Osteomyelitis : Bone inflammation (1 in 100,000 doses). Disseminated BCG Infection : Life-threatening in immunocompromised children (e.g., HIV). Symptoms include persistent fever and weight loss. When to Consult a Doctor: Pus discharge lasting >6 weeks. High fever, severe swelling, or lethargy. 7. Myths vs. Facts About the BCG Vaccine Myth 1: BCG causes tuberculosis. Fact: The vaccine uses a weakened strain; it cannot cause TB. Myth 2: Scarring means the vaccine worked. Fact: While a scar indicates an immune response, its absence doesn’t imply inefficacy. Myth 3: BCG protects against all TB forms. Fact: It mainly prevents severe childhood TB, not pulmonary TB in adults. FAQs Q1. Is the BCG vaccine mandatory in India?Yes, under the UIP, though parents can opt out with written consent. Q2. Can my child get TB after vaccination?Yes, but the risk of severe complications drops significantly. Q3. Why is the BCG scar sometimes raised?Scarring varies; texture doesn’t affect protection. Conclusion The BCG vaccine is a vital defense in India’s battle against TB, saving countless lives through early immunization. While mild side effects are common, severe reactions are rare. By understanding the vaccine’s purpose and monitoring for adverse effects, parents can confidently safeguard their children’s health.

Pentavalent Vaccine in India: Benefits, Side Effects and Safety Tips In India, where infectious diseases remain a significant public health challenge, vaccines are vital shields protecting children from life-threatening illnesses. The pentavalent vaccine, introduced in 2011 under India’s Universal Immunization Programme (UIP), is a cornerstone of pediatric healthcare. Combining protection against five diseases into a single shot, it simplifies immunization while enhancing coverage. This blog explores the pentavalent vaccine schedule in India, its benefits, potential side effects, and essential safety tips for parents. What is the Pentavalent Vaccine? The pentavalent vaccine is a 5-in-1 immunization that guards against: Diphtheria (respiratory infection) Pertussis (whooping cough) Tetanus (muscle spasms) Hepatitis B (liver infection) Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) (meningitis, pneumonia) Table: Diseases Prevented by the Pentavalent Vaccine Component Disease Key Symptoms DPT Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus Breathing issues, severe cough, lockjaw Hep B Hepatitis B Jaundice, liver failure Hib Pneumonia, Meningitis Fever, stiff neck, respiratory distress Before 2011, children received separate DPT and Hep B vaccines, with Hib not included in the UIP. The pentavalent vaccine’s integration marked a leap in India’s healthcare strategy, reducing logistical challenges and improving Hib disease prevention. Pentavalent Vaccine Schedule in India The Indian government recommends the following schedule under the UIP: Primary Doses: First Dose: 6 weeks of age Second Dose: 10 weeks of age Third Dose: 14 weeks of age Booster Doses: DPT booster at 16–24 months (separate from pentavalent) Hep B and Hib boosters are not typically required post-primary immunization. Key Notes: Administered via intramuscular injection. Can be given alongside other vaccines (e.g., oral polio, rotavirus). Catch-up Schedule: Delayed doses can be resumed without restarting the series. Importance of Timely Vaccination: Delays increase vulnerability to infections. Adherence to the 6–10–14 week timeline ensures optimal antibody development. Benefits of the Pentavalent Vaccine Comprehensive Protection: Shields against five deadly diseases with one shot. Reduced Discomfort: Fewer injections mean less stress for children and parents. Cost-Effective: Free under UIP, saving families out-of-pocket expenses. Hib Disease Prevention: Before 2011, Hib caused ~30% of pneumonia cases in Indian children; the vaccine has significantly reduced this burden. Herd Immunity: Widespread vaccination lowers community transmission. Impact in India: A 2018 study in Kerala showed a 60% decline in Hib meningitis post-vaccine introduction. WHO estimates the pentavalent vaccine prevents 7.4 million deaths globally by 2020. Common Side Effects Most reactions are mild and transient: Localized: Redness, swelling, or pain at the injection site (20–30% of children). Systemic: Low-grade fever, irritability, loss of appetite (resolve within 24–48 hours). Rare Side Effects: High fever (>102°F), persistent crying (>3 hours), seizures (1 in 1,000 doses). Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) are exceedingly rare (1 in a million doses). Myth Busting: Myth: The vaccine causes autism or encephalopathy. Fact: Multiple studies, including WHO reviews, confirm no link between the pentavalent vaccine and neurological disorders. Safety Tips for Parents 1. Pre-Vaccination Checklist: Inform the doctor if the child has allergies or is ill (fever, diarrhea). Avoid pre-medicating with paracetamol unless advised. 2. During Vaccination: Ensure the healthcare provider uses a sterile needle and fresh vial. Stay calm—anxiety can affect the child. 3. Post-Vaccination Care: Apply a cool cloth to the injection site for swelling. Monitor for fever; use prescribed antipyretics if needed. Keep the immunization card updated and stored safely. 4. When to Seek Help: Difficulty breathing, hives, or excessive drowsiness. Fever lasting >48 hours or inconsolable crying. Addressing Common Concerns 1. “Is the vaccine safe?” Yes. The pentavalent vaccine undergoes rigorous testing and is pre-qualified by WHO. Over 130 countries use it, with 90% of Gavi-supported nations reporting no safety issues. 2. “Why include Hib?” Hib was a leading cause of pediatric bacterial meningitis in India pre-2011. Vaccination has reduced Hib-related deaths by 95% in regions with high coverage. 3. “What if a dose is missed?” Resume the schedule without restarting. The UIP allows catch-up doses until 12 months. 4. “Are there alternatives?” Standalone DPT, Hep B, and Hib vaccines exist but require more injections and higher costs. 5. “What Does the Penta Vaccine Contains?” The penta vaccine is a 5-in-1 immunization that combines protection against five serious diseases into a single shot. It contains antigens or components that help the immune system build defenses against: Diphtheria (caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae) Pertussis (whooping cough, caused by Bordetella pertussis) Tetanus (caused by Clostridium tetani) Hepatitis B (caused by the hepatitis B virus) Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) (a bacteria causing meningitis and pneumonia). The vaccine uses inactivated or weakened parts of these pathogens to stimulate immunity without causing the disease. Additionally, it contains adjuvants (like aluminum salts) to enhance the immune response and stabilizers to maintain efficacy. This combination makes the penta vaccine a safe and effective tool in preventing life-threatening infections in children. Conclusion The pentavalent vaccine is a triumph of modern medicine, offering simplified, effective protection for Indian children. By adhering to the recommended schedule and heeding safety guidelines, parents can safeguard their children from preventable diseases. As part of a collective effort to strengthen public health, timely immunization is a responsibility and a right. FAQs Q1. Can the pentavalent vaccine be given with other vaccines?Yes, it’s safe alongside OPV, rotavirus, and measles vaccines. Q2. What if my child vomits after the vaccine?Vomiting is uncommon. Consult a doctor if persistent. Q3. Are there long-term side effects?No evidence of long-term adverse effects exists. Q4. Is the vaccine mandatory?No, but recommended for community health. Q5. Where is the vaccine available?Free at government health centers; available privately for a fee. Q6. What is Penta Vaccine Full Form in Hindi?पेंटावैलेंट वैक्सीन (Penta Vaccine) का पूरा नाम पाँच रोगों के खिलाफ सुरक्षा प्रदान करने वाला टीका है। यह टीका एक साथ पाँच गंभीर बीमारियों से बचाव करता है: 1. डिप्थीरिया (Diphtheria) 2. पर्टुसिस (काली खांसी, Pertussis) 3. टेटनस (Tetanus) 4. हेपेटाइटिस बी (Hepatitis B) 5. हीमोफिलस इन्फ्लुएंजा टाइप बी (Hib) (मेनिनजाइटिस और निमोनिया का कारण)। यह टीका भारत सरकार के यूनिवर्सल इम्यूनाइजेशन प्रोग्राम (UIP) के तहत बच्चों को निशुल्क दिया जाता है और उन्हें इन जानलेवा बीमारियों से सुरक्षित रखने में मदद करता है।

Polio Vaccine in India: Schedule, Types, Side Effects and Everything You Need to Know (2025 Guide) Polio, a highly infectious viral disease that once paralyzed thousands of children in India, was officially eradicated in 2014 thanks to relentless vaccination efforts. However, the fight against polio isn’t over. With neighboring countries still reporting cases and the risk of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV), India’s Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) continues to prioritize polio vaccination. This comprehensive guide covers polio vaccine schedules in India, types of vaccines available, side effects, and answers to common concerns. Whether you’re a parent, caregiver, or health worker, this blog will equip you with actionable, evidence-based information. 1. What is Polio? Polio (poliomyelitis) is caused by the poliovirus, which attacks the nervous system and can lead to irreversible paralysis. It spreads through: Contaminated food/water (fecal-oral route). Close contact with an infected person. Symptoms in Children/Adults: Fever, fatigue, and sore throat (mild cases). Stiff neck, muscle weakness, and paralysis (severe cases). India’s Polio-Free Status India was declared polio-free in 2014 after its last reported case in 2011. This success is attributed to the Pulse Polio Programme, which administered over 1 billion vaccine doses annually during national immunization days. 2. Polio Vaccines Used in India Two types of polio vaccines are used globally, and India’s UIP employs both: A. Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) Composition: Contains weakened live poliovirus (types 1, 2, and 3). Administration: 2 drops orally. Advantages:         Low cost and easy to administer.        Provides gut immunity, reducing community transmission Challenges : Rare risk of Vaccine-Associated Paralytic Polio (VAPP) or VDPV (1 in 2.7 million doses). B. Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) Composition: Uses killed poliovirus (injected into the muscle). Administration: Intramuscular shot (thigh/arm). Advantages: Zero risk of VAPP/VDPV. Ideal for immunocompromised children. Challenges : Higher cost and requires trained personnel. Why India Uses Both Vaccines OPV for mass campaigns (stops transmission). IPV as a booster (enhances individual immunity). 3. Polio Vaccine Schedule in India (2024) India’s UIP follows this age-wise schedule for polio vaccination: Vaccine Dose Age OPV (Oral) Birth dose At birth OPV (Oral) Primary doses 6, 10, 14 weeks IPV (Injected) Booster dose 6 months OPV (Oral) Booster during campaigns 5 years (if required) Key Notes: OPV Birth Dose: Given within 15 days of delivery, even if the baby is preterm. IPV Introduction: Added to India’s UIP in 2015 to phase out OPV’s type 2 strain (linked to VDPV). National Immunization Days (NIDs): All children under 5 receive OPV drops during these government-led campaigns. 4. Side Effects of Polio Vaccines Most children experience no side effects, but mild reactions may include: OPV: Low-grade fever, mild diarrhea, or fussiness. IPV: Soreness/swelling at the injection site, fatigue. Rare but Serious Reactions: OPV: Vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP) in 1 in 2.7 million doses. IPV: Severe allergic reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis) in 1 in 1 million doses. When to Consult a Doctor? High fever (over 102°F). Difficulty breathing or swelling of the face. Paralysis or seizures (extremely rare). 5. Addressing Myths and Concerns Myth 1: “The Polio Vaccine Causes Polio.” Fact: Only OPV carries a negligible risk of VAPP (1 in 2.7 million). IPV has zero risk as it uses inactivated virus. Myth 2: “Polio is Eradicated, So Vaccination Isn’t Needed.” Fact: Until global eradication, unvaccinated children risk infection from imported cases or VDPV. Myth 3: “Vaccines Contain Harmful Chemicals.” Fact: OPV/IPV ingredients (e.g., stabilizers) are FDA-approved and safe in微量 doses. FAQ Section 1. Can adults get the polio vaccine?Yes, if traveling to polio-affected regions (e.g., Afghanistan, Pakistan). 2. Is the vaccine mandatory in India?No, but recommended for all children under UIP. 3. Can OPV be given to a sick child?Yes, unless they have severe vomiting/diarrhea. 6. Where to Get Vaccinated? Free Options: Government hospitals, Anganwadi centers, and polio booths during NIDs. Paid Options: Private clinics (IPV costs ₹300–500 per dose). Top Cities for Polio Vaccination in India Polio vaccination is widely accessible across India, thanks to the government’s Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) and private healthcare providers. Below is a city-wise breakdown of where you can get your child vaccinated: 1. Delhi Free Vaccination Centers: AIIMS (All India Institute of Medical Sciences): Offers OPV and IPV under UIP. Safdarjung Hospital: Provides polio drops during National Immunization Days (NIDs). Delhi Government Hospitals: All primary health centers (PHCs) and community health centers (CHCs) offer free polio vaccines. Paid Vaccination Centers: Max Super Specialty Hospital, Saket: IPV available for ₹400–500 per dose. Fortis Hospital, Vasant Kunj: Offers both OPV and IPV. 2. Mumbai Free Vaccination Centers: KEM Hospital: A leading government hospital offering free polio vaccines. BMC Health Posts: Over 200 health posts across Mumbai provide OPV during NIDs. JJ Hospital: Offers free IPV under UIP. Paid Vaccination Centers: Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital: IPV available for ₹450–600 per dose. Lilavati Hospital: Provides both OPV and IPV. 3. Bangalore Free Vaccination Centers: Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health: Offers free OPV and IPV. Government General Hospitals: All PHCs and CHCs provide polio vaccines. Paid Vaccination Centers: Manipal Hospitals: IPV available for ₹500–600 per dose. Apollo Hospitals, Bannerghatta Road: Offers both OPV and IPV. 4. Chennai Free Vaccination Centers: Institute of Child Health: A major government center for polio vaccination. Government Stanley Medical College Hospital: Provides free OPV and IPV. Paid Vaccination Centers: Apollo Children’s Hospital: IPV available for ₹400–550 per dose. Fortis Malar Hospital: Offers both OPV and IPV. 5. Hyderabad Free Vaccination Centers: Gandhi Hospital: Offers free OPV and IPV under UIP. Government Maternity Hospitals: All PHCs provide polio vaccines. Paid Vaccination Centers: Yashoda Hospitals: IPV available for ₹450–600 per dose. Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills: Offers both OPV and IPV. 6. Kolkata Free Vaccination Centers: SSKM Hospital: Provides free OPV and IPV. Calcutta Medical College: Offers polio vaccines under UIP. Paid Vaccination Centers: AMRI Hospitals: IPV available for ₹400–550 per dose. Fortis Hospital, Anandapur: Offers both OPV and IPV. 7. Pune Free Vaccination Centers: Sassoon General Hospital: Offers free OPV and IPV. Government District Hospitals: All PHCs provide polio vaccines. Paid Vaccination Centers: Ruby Hall Clinic: IPV available for ₹450–600 per

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