Diphtheria

Diphtheria is a highly contagious bacterial infection that mainly affects the respiratory system, but can also affect other parts of the body. The bacteria that causes diphtheria, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, produces a toxin that can cause severe damage to the airway, heart, and nerves.

Symptoms of diphtheria typically begin 2-5 days after exposure and can include a sore throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck. A thick, gray membrane may also form in the back of the throat, which can make it difficult to breathe or swallow. In some cases, diphtheria can also cause a skin infection that leads to the formation of a large, painful sore.

The diagnosis of diphtheria is typically made through a physical examination and laboratory tests such as a culture of the throat or skin lesion. Blood tests may also be done to check for the presence of antibodies to the diphtheria toxin.

Treatment for diphtheria typically involves the use of antibiotics to clear the infection, as well as antitoxins to neutralize the diphtheria toxin. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to provide supportive care such as respiratory support and fluids.

The best way to prevent diphtheria is through vaccination. The diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTaP) vaccine is given as a series of five shots to children starting at 2 months of age, with a booster shot given between ages 4-6 years old, and every 10 years after that.