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Blood sugar fasting test measures the amount of glucose, in your blood after atleast 8 hours fast. It is often the first test done to check for prediabetes and diabetes. A fasting blood sugar level less than 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) is normal. A fasting blood sugar level from 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L) is considered prediabetes. If it's 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) or higher on two separate tests, you have diabetes.

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Blood Sugar Postprandial measures blood glucose exactly 2 hours after you start eating a meal. This is not a test used to diagnose diabetes. This test is used to see if someone with diabetes is taking the right amount of insulin with meals.

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Blood Sugar Random test measures the amount of glucose, in your blood at any time of the day. Several random measurements may be taken throughout the day. Random testing is useful because glucose levels in healthy people do not vary widely throughout the day. Blood glucose levels that vary widely may mean a problem. This test is also called a casual blood glucose test.

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This test measures amount of urea in blood. A high blood level of urea ('uraemia') indicates that the kidneys may not be working properly, or that you are dehydrated (have a low body water content).

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The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test measures the level of urea nitrogen in a sample of the patient's blood. Urea is a substance that is formed in the liver when the body breaks down protein. Urea then circulates in the blood in the form of urea nitrogen. In healthy people, most urea nitrogen is filtered out by the kidneys and leaves the body in the urine. If the patient's kidneys are not functioning properly or if the body is using large amounts of protein, the BUN level will rise. If the patient has severe liver disease, the BUN will drop.

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High-sensitivity CRP usually is ordered as one of several tests in a cardiovascular risk profile, often along with tests for cholesterol and triglycerides, when a person's risk of heart disease is being evaluated. Relatively high levels of hs-CRP in otherwise healthy individuals have been found to be predictive of an increased risk of a future heart attack, stroke, sudden cardiac death, and/or peripheral arterial disease, even when cholesterol levels are within an acceptable range.

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a blood test used to determine the presence of CA 125 serum tumor marker, which has a high degree of sensitivity and specificity for ovarian cancer. It is a useful tumor marker for evaluating therapy and monitoring disease status in patients under treatment for ovarian cancer. CA-125 is a mucin like glycoprotein. It is a surface antigen associated with nonmucinous epithelial ovarian cancer. The protein is sloughed or secreted from the surface of the ovarian cancer cells into the serum or ascites also made by inflamed normal cells that line body parts. This substance is shed in body fluids and finds its way into the bloodstream.

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CA 15-3 is a blood test used to determine the presence of the CA 15-3 tumor-associated serum marker. This serum marker is used for staging breast cancer and monitoring its treatment. The risk of breast cancer increases gradually as a woman gets older. This disease is uncommon in women under the age of 35. All women age 40 and older are at risk, for breast cancer. However, most breast cancers occur in women over the age of 50, and the risk is especially high for women over age 60, The risk factors of breast cancer are personal history of breast cancer, genetic alternations, family history, certain breast changes, breast density, radiation therapy, and late childbearing. Also at a somewhat increased for developing breast cancer are women who started menstruating at an early age (before age 12), experienced menopause late (after age 55), never had children, or took hormone replacement therapy or birth control pills for long period of the time. Each of these factors increases the amount of time a woman's body is exposed to estrogen. The longer this exposure, the more likely she is to develop breast cancer.

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CA 19-9 is a blood test used to determine the presence of CA 19-9 antigen. In patients with pancreatic or hepatobiliary cancer, this tumor marker is used in diagnosis, evaluation of a patient's response to treatment. CA19-9 represents the most important and basic carbohydrate tumor marker. Usually very little of CA 19.9 is detectable in the blood of normal individuals. Recently reports indicates that the serum CA19-9 level is frequently elevated in the serum of subjects with various gastrointestinal malignancies, such as pancreatic, colorectal, gastric and hepatic carcinomas. Together with CEA, elevated CA19-9 is suggestive of gallbladder neoplasm in the setting of inflammatory gallbladder disease. A persistently rising serum CA 19-9 value may be associated with progressive malignant disease and poor therapeutic response. A declining CA 19-9 value may be indicative of a favourable prognosis and good response to treatment.

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This test measures the amount of calcium in blood. It is used to evaluate parathyroid function and calcium metabolism . It is used to monitor patients with renal failure, renal transplantation, hyperparathyroidism, and various malignancies, as well as to monitor calcium levels during and after large-volume blood transfusions. Calcium helps build strong bones and teeth. It is important for heart function, and helps with muscle contraction, nerve signaling, and blood clotting. It is a part of Kidney Function Test. It is always advisable to go for complete profile, as level of each test in profile are considered while making decision on diagnosis as well as monitoring the treatment.

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The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test is a laboratory blood study. CEA is a substance which is normally found only during fetal development, but may reappear in adults who develop certain types of cancer. The best use of CEA is as a tumor marker, especially for cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. These include cancer of the colon, rectum, stomach (gastric cancer), esophagus, liver, or pancreas. It is also used with cancers of the breast, lung, or prostate. A rising CEA level indicates progression or recurrence of the cancer. Once treatment for the cancer has begun, CEA tests have a valuable role in monitoring the patient's progress. A decreasing CEA level means therapy is effective in fighting the cancer. A stable or increasing CEA level may mean the treatment is not working, and/or that the tumor is growing. CEA tests are also used to help detect recurrence of a cancer after surgery and/or other treatment has been completed. A rising CEA level may be the first sign of cancer return, and may show up months before other studies or patient symptoms would raise concern. Unfortunately, this does not always mean the recurrent cancer can be cured. Patients who are most likely to benefit from nonstandard treatments, such as bone marrow transplants, may be determined on the basis of CEA values, combined with other test results. CEA levels may be one of the criteria for determining whether the patient will benefit from more expensive studies, such as CT scan or MRI. Determinations of CEA should be done frequently: at a minimum of every 3 months and if possible every 1 month to 2 months. Elevations above baseline should be verified rapidly to exclude laboratory error

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A ceruloplasmin test can help determine the levels of Copper containing protein called ceruloplasmin in your body. Ceruloplasmin, a glycoprotein produced in the liver, transports more than 95 percent of the copper in blood plasma. Copper plays an important role in the body by aiding important bodily processes, including producing energy, forming connective tissue, helping the central nervous system function. It is used to evaluate and manage disorders related to copper such as suspected Wilson's disease or hypocupremia (decreased copper levels in blood).

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This test is used to detect abnormal blood chloride levels in order to monitor a variety of health condition high blood pressure, heart failure, kidney disease, or liver disease. These conditions can cause an electrolyte imbalance. It is performed along with other electrolyte tests to indicate the patient's acid-base balance and hydrational status. Electrolyte panels or basic metabolic panels are commonly used to monitor treatment of certain problems, including high blood pressure (hypertension), heart failure, and liver and kidney disease.

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Total Cholesterol test measures all types of cholesterol in your blood. Cholesterol is an important normal body constituent, used in the structure of cell membranes, synthesis of bile acids, and synthesis of steroid hormones. Since cholesterol is water insoluble, most serum (the noncellular portion of blood) cholesterol is carried by lipoproteins (chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, and HDL). The most abundant steroid in animal tissue, cholesterol is the precursor to major steroid hormones such as Cortisol, DHEA, testesterone and estrogen. The body synthesizes 60-80% of its cholesterol, primarily in the liver and intestine, and derives the remainder from the diet.Total Cholesterol serves as a marker for both cardiovascular disease and oxidative stress. High total cholestrol level increases the risk for Heart disease. It is a part of lipid Profile. It is always advisable to go for complete profile, as level of each test in profile are considered while making decision on diagnosis as well as monitoring the treatment.

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This test helps to measure amount of cholinesterase in blood. It can be used to detect and diagnose organophosphate pesticide exposure and/or poisoning. It may also be used to monitor those who may be at increased risk of exposure to organophosphate compounds, such as those who work in agricultural and chemical industries, and to monitor those who are being treated for exposure. It can be used several days prior to a surgical procedure to determine if someone with a history of or family history of post-operative paralysis following the use of succinylcholine, a common muscle relaxant used for anesthesia, is at risk of having this reaction.