Insomnia

Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or both. The condition can lead to a wide range of symptoms, including fatigue, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and a decreased ability to function during the day. Insomnia can be caused by a variety of factors, including stress, poor sleep habits, medical conditions, and certain medications.

Symptoms of insomnia can vary from person to person, but some common symptoms include difficulty falling asleep, waking up frequently during the night, and feeling unrefreshed upon waking. Insomnia can also cause daytime symptoms such as fatigue, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and a decreased ability to function during the day.

Diagnosis of insomnia typically begins with a physical examination and a review of the patient’s medical history. A sleep study, such as a polysomnogram (PSG), may also be performed to determine the quality and quantity of sleep.

Common treatment methods for insomnia include medications, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and lifestyle changes. Medications such as sedative-hypnotics and melatonin receptor agonists may be prescribed to help with sleep. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment that can help to change negative thought patterns and behaviours that contribute to insomnia. Lifestyle changes such as maintaining a regular sleep schedule, avoiding stimulating activities before bed, and creating a comfortable sleep environment can also help.