Hypertension - “The Silent Killer”

World Hypertension Day is observed on May 17th each year and serves as a global initiative to raise awareness about hypertension and its impact on individuals and communities worldwide. Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition that affects a significant proportion of the global population. In this blog, we will delve into the details of hypertension, its prevalence worldwide, and specifically in India. We will also explore why corporate employees are particularly vulnerable to this disease. Furthermore, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, and prevention methods for hypertension, including dietary and exercise plans to reduce and manage this silent killer.

Understanding Hypertension:
Hypertension is a condition characterised by elevated blood pressure levels consistently higher than the normal range. Blood pressure is measured by two values: systolic pressure (the pressure when the heart contracts) and diastolic pressure (the pressure when the heart relaxes between beats). Normal blood pressure is typically around 120/80 mmHg, with the systolic value being 120 and the diastolic value 80. Hypertension occurs when these values exceed 130/80 mmHg on multiple occasions.

Prevalence of Hypertension Worldwide and in India:
Hypertension is a global health concern affecting individuals across all continents. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), hypertension accounts for approximately 9.4 million deaths worldwide each year. It is estimated that over 1.13 billion people worldwide suffer from hypertension.

In India, the burden of hypertension is significant. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) conducted the India Hypertension Control Initiative (IHCI) survey, which revealed that around 29% of the Indian population suffers from hypertension. This high prevalence is attributed to various factors, including genetic predisposition, sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy dietary patterns, stress, and lack of awareness.

Corporate Employees and Hypertension:
Corporate employees face unique challenges that contribute to the higher vulnerability of developing hypertension. Sedentary work environments, prolonged sitting, high-stress levels, irregular eating habits, and unhealthy lifestyles are prevalent among many corporate professionals. The lack of physical activity, coupled with the pressure to meet work targets and deadlines, leads to a higher risk of developing hypertension. It is crucial for employees and organisations to prioritise preventive measures and encourage a healthy work-life balance.

Causes and Symptoms of Hypertension:
Hypertension can have both primary (essential) and secondary causes. Primary hypertension develops gradually over time and is often influenced by lifestyle choices and genetic factors. Secondary hypertension arises as a result of an underlying health condition, such as kidney disease, hormonal disorders, or medication side effects.